Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a cancer of the plasma cells; a type of white blood cells found in the bone marrow.
Normal function of plasma cells is to produce antibodies to fight infection. Multiple myeloma is a disease that occurs when there are too many plasma cells. This abnormal increase affects normal function of plasma cells and other bone marrow components.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA?

Symptoms can vary from person to person. The most common symptoms include:

Feeling very tired
Fever
Easy bruising or bleeding
Trouble breathing
Loss of appetite
Nausea or vomiting
Feeling thirsty
Frequent urination
Constipation
Muscle weakness
Restlessness
Mental confusion or trouble thinking

WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA?

The cause of multiple myeloma is unknown, although genetic factors may play a role.
Risk increases with age and exposure to radiation.

HOW IS MULTIPLE MYELOMA DIAGNOSED?

The following tests and procedures may be used:

Physical exam and history done by the doctor.
Bone marrow examination: The removal of bone marrow sample, blood, and a small piece of bone by inserting a hollow needle into the pelvis bone or breast bone. A specialized laboratory doctor (Pathologist) views the bone marrow, blood, and bone under a microscope to look for abnormal cells.
Radiological studies such as X-ray, computerized tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Blood and Urine tests .
Gene’s analysis: A test in which cells in a sample of blood or bone marrow are viewed under a microscope to look for certain changes in the chromosomes.

HOW IS MULTIPLE MYELOMA TREATED?

Several types of standard treatment are used:

HOW OFTEN DO YOU NEED TO FOLLOW UP?

You will need regular checkups after treatment for multiple myeloma. Your doctor will review your recovery closely and check for recurrence of multiple myeloma.
Checkups help make sure that any changes in your health are noted and treated as needed.
Checkups may include a physical exam, laboratory tests, chest x-rays, and other procedures.
You should contact the doctor right away if you have any health problems between scheduled visits.